The Monarch Chair incorporates different types of wood all of which held the certification of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) when I purchased them. It is very important for my wood choices to promote a sustainable way of harvesting that protect the fragile ecosystems where wood comes from and yet will provide wood and carbon conversion for future generations. The plywood is a birch/poplar hardwood from Columbia Forest Products that provides a range of color within the plywood and uses a formaldehyde free adhesive. The legs and the washers spacing the rungs of the plywood were make of FSC cherry heartwood. The dowels are FSC eucalyptus and replace the need for metal hardware.